Psychosis is hallmarked by a partial or full break from reality. An individual might encounter the following:. He or she may also act in inappropriate ways, talk incoherently, and exhibit a difficult time functioning overall. The average seizure will last between 30 seconds to 2 minutes. Seizures can lead to long-term effects or cause the person not to wake up if they persist for longer than 5 minutes.
A seizure can occur as a result of abnormal brain activity, and can include the following symptoms:. Valium has many legitimate medical purposes, but it also has the potential for abuse and dependence. Persons who suspect they may be dependent on this medication should seek help from a detox and substance abuse treatment program. These programs help to make the withdrawal process more comfortable and ensure personal safety. Contact Just Believe Detox anytime to learn about our treatment options.
We customize our comprehensive programs to meet the specific needs of those we treat. We provide a warm, comfortable environment that promotes healing from addiction while individuals undergo withdrawal and begin the process of recovery. We can help you reclaim your health and wellness, free from addiction, and begin to live the happy and fulfilling life you deserve!
Just Believe Detox April 24, In This Article. Our specialists can assess your individual needs and help you get the treatment that provides the best chance for your long-term recovery. Age Weight and body fat Metabolic rate Use of other substances. Route of administration Average dose Kidney and liver function Overall health. Interdiction: how successful? As discussed earlier, Iranian efforts to intercept drug shipments entering the country from the east have borne fruit.
There are several reasons as to why Iran is nonetheless awash in heroin. The first reason is the sheer volume of supplies originating in Afghanistan. The second is the smaller-scale shipments and alternative routes and forms of transport utilized by traffickers, who continue to adapt to Iranian counter-drug methods. The third reason is the pull of the market.
At the receiving end of the supply chain are the new and expanding markets for heroin in the Middle East and Africa. And then there is the pattern of drug consumption in Iran itself — a burgeoning market that traffickers are eager and able to serve. Iran: how committed? There are questions about whether Iran is applying counter-narcotics tools selectively. For example, have Iranian authorities tolerated some smugglers — as in the PKK base reportedly set up on Iranian territory after the capture of Abdullah Ocalan — in exchange for intelligence?
According to several press accounts, Iran might have provided to Hezbollah about sets of night-vision goggles that Britain had supplied for counter-narcotics purposes. Iran: how capable?
William Samii has reported on the ongoing conflict between the Drug Control Headquarters DHCQ and police, with the latter complaining DHCQ officials who do not have any practical experience come up with impractical theories and undermine the drug-control campaign. But Iran-specific factors have also hampered the effort: the ethnic mix of the country coupled with center-periphery tension, which sometimes results in non-cooperation of locals with law enforcement authorities; and the backwardness of some provinces such as Sistan va Baluchistan, where smuggling is a coping strategy for some and a tool for supporting insurgency for others.
In addition, discussing the subjects of drug abuse and addiction may no longer be taboo in Iran. However, shame and stigma still attach to this behavior. But there are also questions about how responsive and supportive others have been to Iran.
European and other external assistance is undoubtedly limited. A number of national bans on dealing with and supporting Iran have contributed to this. Nevertheless, Washington remains reluctant to establish a bilateral dialogue on narcotics while other issues, deemed of higher priority e. At the regional level, Iranian officials have long voiced frustration that Afghanistan and Pakistan are not doing enough to staunch the production and flow of narcotics.
There are some bright spots in this otherwise gloomy picture. Harm reduction programs have not been the norm in Middle Eastern countries, but the recent remarkable growth of such programs in Iran could serve as a model for the whole region.
In fact, Iranian NGOs are already leading the way. There are also some looming uncertainties. The factors driving ever-larger numbers of Iranians into drug abuse and addiction are poorly understood. Clearly, the draconian policies of the past had not curbed risk behaviors — far from it. What remains unclear, however, is whether the incipient network of civil society and official supporters of demand and harm reduction interventions will be able to generate the momentum needed to implement an integrated approach to the opiates epidemic and scale up programs that are necessary to contain the multifaceted threat it poses to the country.
Levinson and K. Christensen, eds. It is also important to set the high rate of opiate abuse in Iran in the broader context of the high rate of unemployment, falling income, urbanization, and social dislocation. Turkey, the anchor point for the Balkan Route, is not only a major staging area and corridor for heroin destined for European markets but is also a critical thoroughfare for precursor chemicals such as acetic anhydride.
Razzighi, A. Rahimi, M. Hosseni, and A. Razzighi et al. IRNA, June 29, Zamani, M. Kihara et al. Supply reduction — the method of prevention practiced throughout the world against all forms of illegal drug use — focuses on seizing illegal drugs through customs operations, arresting drug traffickers, and encouraging producers of drug crops, such as opium poppies, to grow alternative crops.
Demand reduction is a form of prevention that promotes drug-free lifestyles through education, public awareness campaigns, and the treatment and rehabilitation of drug users. Though the Anti-Narcotics Law, which declares drug use a crime, remains the basis for action, drug users are no longer prosecuted during the period in which they may be undergoing treatment.
A drug user who overcomes addiction is permitted to return to work. Emran Razzaghi et al. For a discussion of the activities and results of these programs, see Drs. See remarks by Dr. IRNA, July 16, See A. The geographic orientation of these labs and the processing itself which reduces the bulk of consignments , facilitate cross-border smuggling. On this point, see Dr. Featured Program view Economics and Energy Program.
Program view Cyber Program. Featured Summer Full Page view Annual Awards Gala. Full Page view Internships. Iran's War on Drugs: Holding the Line? December 1, John Calabrese. Drug-Demand Reduction 50 and Harm-Reduction 51 Measures Over the past decade, a paradigm shift in Iranian counter-drug policies has been under way, marked by greater official acceptance of, and support for, demand and harm reduction interventions. Paimaneh Hastaei declared: In an attempt to strike a balance between prevention, treatment and law enforcement activities, the Islamic Republic of Iran has assumed that demand reduction is as important as supply reduction; special attention is paid to the creation of effective prevention programs targeted at youth and high-risk groups.
That same year, the Ministry of Health established the National Committee of Harm Reduction, charged with developing approaches to reduce the damage resulting from intravenous drug use. However, there are a number of factors that can increase the risk of overdose. These factors include taking Valium in combination with other central nervous system depressants or alcohol, taking more than your prescribed dose, or taking the drug more frequently than prescribed.
Being aware of the signs of a Valium overdose is important so that you and your loved ones can get help as quickly as possible. Some signs of a potential Valium overdose include:. If someone is experiencing these symptoms, contact emergency services right away.
Valium carries a risk of dependence. If you suddenly stop using Valium, you may experience symptoms of benzodiazepine withdrawal , which can include anxiety, nausea, seizures, insomnia, tremors, and mental changes including confusion and even psychosis. With longer-acting drugs like Valium, withdrawal symptoms may not appear for a few days after your last dose.
If you believe that you might have a physical dependence or addiction to Valium, talk to your doctor right away. Your doctor can offer advice and assistance. In some cases, you might want to seek help from a medical detox center, since benzodiazepine withdrawal symptoms can be severe.
Treatment options for Valium use disorders may take place in inpatient or outpatient treatment centers and involve individual psychotherapy or support groups to aid in your long-term recovery.
Effective treatments may involve tapering your dosage to manage withdrawal symptoms as well as psychotherapeutic approaches including cognitive-behavioral therapy and contingency management. For more mental health resources, see our National Helpline Database.
Learn the best ways to manage stress and negativity in your life. Accessed November 27, Yaffe K, Boustani M. Benzodiazepines and risk of Alzheimer's disease.
Substance Abuse and Mental Health Administration. Treatment improvement protocol series. Appendix B. Detection times of diazepam, clonazepam, and alprazolam in oral fluid collected from patients admitted to detoxification, after high and repeated drug intake. Ther Drug Monit. False-positive urine screening for benzodiazepines: An association with sertraline?
Psychiatry Edgmont. Classics in chemical neuroscience: Diazepam valium. ACS Chem Neurosci. Food and Drug Administration. Gunn J. Understanding the toxicology of diazepam.
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