Active TB is contagious and causes symptoms. Read on to learn more about the different types of TB, including several types of extrapulmonary TB. TB can be active or latent. Active TB is sometimes referred to as TB disease. Active TB, sometimes called TB disease, causes symptoms and is contagious. Latent TB can turn into active TB in 5 to 10 percent of people. This risk is higher for those with a weakened immune system due to medication or an underlying condition.
Pulmonary TB is active TB that involves the lungs. You contract it by breathing in air exhaled by someone who has TB.
The germs can remain in the air for several hours. Extrapulmonary TB is TB that involves parts of the body outside of the lungs, such as the bones or organs.
Symptoms depend on the part of the body affected. TB lymphadenitis is the most common type of extrapulmonary TB and involves the lymph nodes. It tends to affect the the cervical lymph nodes, which are the lymph nodes in your neck. But any lymph node can be affected. It can affect any of your bones, including your spine and joints. But over time, it can cause general active TB symptoms in addition to:. Miliary TB is a form of TB that spreads in your the body, affecting one or several organs.
This type of TB often affects the lungs, bone marrow, and liver. But it can also spread to other parts of the body, including the spinal cord, brain, and heart. Military TB causes general active TB symptoms in addition to other symptoms, depending on the body parts involved. For example, if your bone marrow is affected, you may have a low red blood cell count or a rash. Genitourinary TB is the second most common type of extrapulmonary TB.
It can affect any part of the genitals or urinary tract, but the kidneys are the most common sites. Bovine TB is a chronic disease of animals caused by bacteria Mycobacterium bovis , which is closely related to the bacteria that causes human TB. People may get bovine TBs after close contact with infected animals or after eating unpasteurized dairy products from infected animals. View recommendations on safe handling of animal carcasses from herds with infected animals.
Questions about TB? Contact Us! Topics A-Z. Responsive Menu. How is active TB disease spread? To make sure people with active TB finish the full medication schedule, directly observed therapy , or DOT, is used. In DOT, a trained healthcare worker provides each dose of medication, watches the patient swallow it, and documents that the medication has been taken. By subscribing you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
November 21, Latent Infection and TB Disease. March 11, April 5, Journal of the American Medical Association. September 6, Mayo Clinic. January 4, March 13, Who Should Be Tested. September 8, February How is TB diagnosed? TB skin tests are suggested for those: In high-risk categories Who live or work in close contact with people who are at high risk Who have never had a TB skin test For skin testing in children, the American Academy of Pediatrics recommends testing: If the child is thought to have been exposed in the last 5 years If the child has an X-ray that looks like TB If the child has any symptoms of TB If the child comes from a country where TB is prevalent For children with HIV For children receiving medicines that suppress the immune system For children who are in detention facilities For children who are exposed to high-risk people If the child's parent has come from a high-risk country If the child has traveled to high-risk areas If the child lives in a densely populated area How is TB treated?
Your healthcare provider will figure out the best treatment for you based on: How old you are Your overall health and past health How sick you are How well you can handle specific medicines, procedures, or therapies How long the condition is expected to last Your opinion or preference Treatment may include: Short-term hospitalization For latent TB which is newly diagnosed: Usually a 6 to 12 month course of antibiotic called isoniazid will be given to kill off the TB organisms in the body.
Some people with latent TB may be treated with a shorter course of 2 antibiotics for only 3 months. For active TB: Your healthcare provider may prescribe 3 or more antibiotics in combination for 6 to 9 months or longer. Examples include: isoniazid, rifampin, pyrazinamide, and ethambutol. People usually begin to improve within a few weeks of the start of treatment.
After several weeks of treatment with the correct medicines, the person is usually no longer contagious, if treatment is carried through to the end, as prescribed by a healthcare provider. What are the complications of TB? Can TB be prevented? When should I call my healthcare provider? If your symptoms get worse or you get new symptoms, let your healthcare provider know. Key points about TB Tuberculosis is a bacterial infection that usually infects the lungs. It may also affect the kidneys, spine, and brain.
Being infected with the TB bacterium is not the same as having active tuberculosis disease. There are 3 stages of TB—exposure, latent, and active disease. A TB skin test or a TB blood test can diagnose the disease.
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